中国月球探测进展（2011-2020年）

回顾2011至2020年10年来中国月球探测的进展，重点介绍嫦娥三号和嫦娥四号任务工程实施情况以及取得的主要科学探测成果，展望中国月球和行星探测的未来发展.      

基于卷积门控循环网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对许多基于深度学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法在小样本数据集下诊断性能下降的问题,提出一种基于卷积门控循环神经网络的轴承故障诊断模型。该模型使用两层的卷积网络来从输入信号中提取特征,同时使用tanh函数作为激活函数,且池化层使用大池化核来进行重叠下采样。将所提取得到的高层特征连接到双向门控循环网络。合并循环网络正向和逆向的最后一个状态,并连接一层全连接层进行输出。选用凯斯西储大学的轴承故障数据集来验证模型在小样本数据集下的诊断性能,实验结果表明,相比于其他类型的模型,该模型在仅有20个训练样本的情况下依然保持97%的识别准确率。      

基于激光扫描技术的大型船舶舱容量计量技术研究

介绍了一种应用三维激光扫描技术，采集获取船舱三维点云数据，对点云数据进行配准、修补，完成船舱内部构件精细建模，快速高精度的重建大型船舱三维模型，实现大型船舱容量快速计算的方法。运用三维激光扫描技术完成158000吨大型油轮液货舱容量计量，通过与传统容量计量方法进行比对分析，解决了单点数据采集模式弊端，达到了大型船舶舱容量快速、精准计量效果。     

高精度石英半球裸振子微应力制造

半球谐振子是半球谐振陀螺的核心元件，其质量直接决定了陀螺的性能精度，以高纯石英材料制成的半球谐振子已得到业界的广泛认可，但加工难度较高。半球裸振子是半球谐振子的未完全加工态，其加工表面残余应力的大小决定了谐振Q值、频差Δf等参数，进而影响谐振性能。文章就石英半球裸振子的微应力制造技术方法和技术特点进行了分析和讨论，以及采用飞秒激光加工设备实现石英半球裸振子微应力制造，飞秒激光加工具有速度快、热变形小、非接触、微应力等优势，用于半球谐振子加工能够明显改善加工效率、成本和表面应力状态，采用飞秒激光加工为高精度石英半球裸振子的加工提供新实现途径。     

无人水面艇自适应路径跟踪算法

路径跟踪作为无人水面艇（Unmanned Surface Vehicle, USV）控制系统中必不可少的底层模块，受到国内外无人水面艇研究人员的普遍关注。为了提高无人水面艇路径跟踪的准确性和自适应性，提出了一种基于Mamdani模型的自适应模糊LOS控制策略(Mamdani Based on Line-of-Sight，MLOS）。相比传统LOS控制策略，该算法通过模糊控制修正LOS控制参数，削减了速度与LOS制导律之间的耦合，确保了路线跟踪的完成度，并且避免了传统LOS各项参数固定、不能实时调整而导致的船舶操纵性无法被充分利用的缺点。基于欠驱动水面滑行艇数学模型，通过理论分析和仿真试验证明了该算法的优越性和有效性。     

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook (TANH) constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables (i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature) implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments, which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.     

组合临界流文丘里喷嘴空气流量测量方法高空舱应用分析

为满足发动机高空试验低流速进气条件下空气流量精确测量,减小进气导管气流附面层影响,弱化空气流量测量与被试发动机相关性。分析了单件/组合临界流文丘里喷嘴的工作特性,给出了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴(ACFVN)空气流量计算方法,依据给定试验发动机和高空舱尺寸设计了临界流文丘里喷嘴组合结构,得到了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴在高空舱应用的控制方法和测试布局。采用小尺寸喷嘴对组合喷嘴设计和应用方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用打开/关闭喷嘴数量和调节进气压力两种组合方式在高空舱内应用方法可行,测试布局满足测量要求,下游发动机进口截面气流紊流度优于0.3%,满足发动机高空模拟试验要求。      

Active Design Method of Tooth Profiles for Cycloid Drive Based on Meshing Efficiency

An active design method of tooth profiles for cycloid gears based on their meshing efficiency is proposed.This method takes the meshing efficiency as one of the design variables to determine the tooth profiles. The calculation method for the meshing efficiency of planetary transmission is analyzed and the equation of the meshing efficiency is deduced. Relationships between the meshing efficiency,the radius of the pin wheel and the eccentric distance are revealed. The design constraint quations and the strength constraint quations are deduced. On the basis of this,a design procedure is laid out. Some examples using different input parameters are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. A dynamic simulation of the rigid-flexible coupling of cycloid gears is also presented. The results show that the proposed design method is more flexible to control the tooth profiles by changing the input values of the transmission efficiency.     

基于DQN的反舰导弹火力分配方法研究

反舰导弹作为海上作战的主战武器，由于其精度高、射程远、威力大等特性长期以来一直被当作舰艇编队的主要防御对象。针对反舰导弹打击舰艇编队的火力分配问题，我们提出了一种基于深度Q值网络求解反舰导弹火力分配策略的算法。不同于现有的基于领域知识的方法，深度Q值网络无需依赖任何先验信息，就能够通过与模拟器的交互自动求解最佳的攻击策略。该算法使用深度神经网络拟合Q值函数，解决了传统强化学习中的状态空间过大无法遍历的问题。实验结果表明，在各种不同的舰队防御配置下，深度Q值网络求解得到的攻击策略均获得了最佳的毁伤效果。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.